Note 9 – Share-based Compensation



We allocate share-based compensation expense to cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expense and research and development expense based on the award holder’s employment function. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded share-based compensation expenses as follows:





Equity Plans



In March 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company's 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). On March 26, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the 2018 Plan to 6.0 million.  As of March 31, 2019, 4,117,272 shares remain available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. 



In July 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”).  A total of 4.7 million shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan. As of March 31, 2019, 190,868 shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan replaced the Company's 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”), and no further awards will be made under the 2008 Plan.



Stock Options



Each option grants the holder the right to purchase from us one share of our common stock at a specified price, which is generally the closing price per share of our common stock on the date the option is issued. Options generally vest on a pro-rata basis on each anniversary of the issuance date within three years of the date the option is issued. Options may be exercised after they have vested and prior to the specified expiry date provided applicable exercise conditions are met, if any. The expiry date can be for periods of up to ten years from the date the option is issued. The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the assumptions established at that time. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur and does not estimate forfeitures as of the option grant date.



The following table outlines the weighted average assumptions for options granted during the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:





During the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company used historical volatility of our common stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options to estimate their fair value.  The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s recent history and expectation of future dividend payouts on the common stock.  The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.



The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2019: 





The aggregate intrinsic values in the table above are before income taxes and represent the number of in-the-money options outstanding or exercisable multiplied by the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the quarter ended March 31, 2019 of $1.46, less the respective weighted average exercise price per share at period end. 



The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $48,000. Cash received from options exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $200,000.  No stock options were exercised during the six months ended March 31, 2018.



As of March 31, 2019, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of approximately $2.7 million related to unvested stock options. This expense is expected to be recognized over approximately three years.



Restricted Stock



The Company has issued restricted stock to employees, directors and consultants. Such issuances had vesting periods that ranged from one to three years. All such shares of restricted stock vest provided the grantee has not voluntarily terminated service or been terminated for cause prior to the vesting date. There were no shares of restricted stock outstanding at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018.



Restricted Stock Units



In connection with the closing of the APP Acquisition, the Company issued 50,000 and 140,000 restricted stock units to an employee and an outside director, respectively, that vested on October 31, 2018. The restricted stock units were settled in common stock issued under the 2017 Plan. As of March 31, 2019, there are no outstanding restricted stock units.



Stock Appreciation Rights



In connection with the closing of the APP Acquisition, the Company issued stock appreciation rights based on 50,000 and 140,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to an employee and an outside director, respectively, that vested on October 31, 2018. The stock appreciation rights have a ten-year term and an exercise price per share of $0.95, which was the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock as quoted on NASDAQ on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the completion of the APP Acquisition. The stock appreciation rights will be settled in common stock issued under the 2017 Plan.  As of March 31, 2019, these vested stock appreciation rights remain outstanding.